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An all-female rock band in
Kashmir has decided to disband following threats of violence on social media and a fatwa from a senior local Muslim cleric.
The three teenage members of Pragaash (which translates as Light) told local reporters in
India's
only Muslim majority state that they were sorry if "the people" were
unhappy with their music and that, in order to respect the religious
ruling issued by Grand Mufti Mohammad Bashiruddin at the weekend, would
no longer play.
The cleric, who has a history of controversy, had
said Pragaash, the first all-female rock band in the contested state,
was against "Islamic teachings" and suggested that such "behaviour"
contributed to rising sexual assaults in India.
"Muftisaab has
said our music is un-Islamic. We respect him and the people of Kashmir …
and their opinion. That is why we have quit,'' one unnamed band-member,
whose face was obscured in broadcast footage,
told Times Now television.
The
affair has revealed deep tensions in Kashmir, which was split between
India and Pakistan when the two nations gained independence from Britain
in 1947. As elsewhere in India many young people in the state are
adopting lifestyles which challenge the values and authority of
conservatives.
The Kashmir cultural clash comes in the aftermath
of the rape and murder of a 23-year-old physiotherapist in December in
Delhi. The full trial of the five men accused of the crime opened on
Tuesday at a newly established "fast track court" in the Indian capital.
A juvenile will face separate proceedings.
Both Hindu and Muslim
conservatives blamed the attack on "westernisation", outraging those who
believe a widespread and deeply rooted culture of misogyny is a major
factor behind the
current wave of sexual violence in India.
But
the situation in Kashmir is complicated by other factors including the
inroads made by more rigorous strands of Islamic practice, often
influenced by hardline thought in Pakistan and the Gulf, in recent
decades. Previously Kashmir, which has a long tradition of female
singing and music-making, was known for its folksy, tolerant religious
culture. A vicious insurgency in the state through the 1990s and into
the following decade, caused tens of thousands of deaths. Now violence
is rare but a new puritanism is still strong.
The decision of
Pragaash has also raised broader fears over freedom of expression in
India. In the last two weeks an exhibition showing nudes was forced to
close temporarily by Hindu rightwingers, a spy film dealing with Islamic
terrorism was banned in the state of Tamil Nadu, the Indian-born author
Salman Rushdie was barred from Kolkata and criminal complaints were
registered against an academic who claimed those who rank lowest among
India's caste system were responsible for most corruption.
One minister spoke of an atmosphere of "
competitive intolerance".
"The
challenge for us as a society is got to be to find the right balance
that leans more towards freedom and not towards repression," said Shashi
Tharoor, minister for human resource development and a writer.
But
the Indian government has repeatedly been criticised by campaigners for
its efforts to control online activity as well as for frequently
failing to protect the outspoken.
"Freedom of expression is still
seen as something of a western idea and not a priority for the Indian
state. Secularism [in India] … means not the absence of religion but the
accommodation of many gods. If there is the slightest risk of
antagonising ... voters, then who cares about artists?" said Manu
Joseph, a novelist and commentator.
Last year Rushdie, whose 1988
novel The Satanic Verses led to a fatwa from the Iran's Ayatollah
Khomeini calling for the murder of the author, was forced to pull out of
the Jaipur literary festival after threats from Muslim groups.
The
members of Pragaash have, however, received support from the elected
chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Omar Abdullah, who has ordered
police to trace those who posted threats of violence against the band,
formed three months ago, on Facebook.
"Shame on those who claim
freedom of speech via social media and then … threaten girls who have
the right to choose to sing," he tweeted. "I hope these talented young
girls will not let a handful of morons silence them.". (
Guardian-uk)